World War 1 (1914-18)

World War I ended in 1918 and left 10 million dead in the fields of Western Europe. When one considers the very few players who are honored to play for their country and the numbers of losses shown below, one can only imagine the number of players lost to rugby clubs around the world by the conflict.

Internationals killed in world war I:

Country	Internationals
Scotland	30
England	27
France	23
New Zealand	12
Wales	12
Australia	9
Ireland	9
South Africa	4
Germany	Unknown

The English Internationals were:

• Harry Alexander; died on 17 October 1915 Aged 35
• Henry Berry; died on 9 May 1915, Aged 32.
• H. Brougham, died ?
• Arthur James Dingle; died on 22 August 1915, Aged 23
• George Eric Burroughs Dobbs, died on 17 June 1917, Aged 32.
• Leonard Haigh, died on 6 August 1916 Aged 29.
• Reginald Harry Myburgh Hands, ("Reggie Hands") died on 20 April 1918, Aged 29 Hands was a South African who played cricket for South Africa and rugby for England.
• Arthur Leyland Harrison VC; died on 23 April 1918, Aged 32
• Harold Augustus Hodges; died on 24 March 1918, Aged 32
• Rupert Edward Inglis; died on 18 September 1916, Aged 53
• Percy Dale Kendall; died on 21 January 1915, Aged 34
• John Abbott King; died on 9 August 1916, Aged 32
• Ronald Lagden; died on 3 March 1915, Aged 26
• Douglas Lambert; died on 13 October 1915, Aged 32
• Alfred Frederick Maynard; died on 13 November 1916, Aged 22
• Edgar Roberts Mobb, ("Mobbsy") died on 29 July 1917, Aged 37
• William Moore Bell Nanson; died on 4 June 1915, Aged 34
• Francis Eckley Oakeley; died on 25 November 1914, Aged 23
• Robert Lawrence Pillman; died on 9 July 1916, Aged 23 17
• Ronald William Poulton-Palmer, ("Ronnie Poulton") died on 5 May 1915, Aged 25
• John Raphael, died on 11 June 1917, Aged 35
• Reginald Oscar Schwarz MC, ("Reggie Schwarz") died on 18 November 1918, Aged 43
• Lancelot Andrew Noel Slocock; died on 9 August 1918, Aged 29
• Francis Nathaniel Tarr; died on 18 July 1915, Aged 27
• Alexander Todd, died on 21 April 1915, Aged 41
• James Henry Digby Watson; died on 15 October 1914, Aged 24.
• Arthur James Wilson, died on 1 July 1917, Aged 29

The Irish Internationals were:

• J.T. Brett
• R.B. Burgess
• E.C. Deane
• W.V. Edwards
• B. Maclear
• V. McNamara
• R.S. Smyth
• A.L. Stewart
• A.S. Taylor

The Welsh Internationals were:

• Charles Taylor, Died 24th January 1915.
• Billy Geen, Died 31st July 1915, Age 24.
• Richard Williams, Died 27th September 1915.
• Lou Phillips, Died 14th March 1916, Age 38.
• Dick Thomas, Died 7th July 1916, Age 32.
• Jonnie Williams, Died 12th July 1916, Age 34.
• Charlie Pritchard, Died Age 33.
• Horace Thomas, Died 3rd September 1916, Age 26.
• Brin Lewis, Died 2nd April1917, Age 26.
• Dai Westacott, Died 28th August 1917, Age 35.
• Phil Waller, Died 14th December 1917, Age 28.
• Fred Perrett, Died 1st December 1918, Age 27.

	"This is not the time to play games" (Lord Roberts). Rugby union footballers are doing their duty. Over 90% have enlisted. "Every player who represented England in Rugby international matches last year has joined the colours." - extract from The Times, November 30 British athletes! Will you follow this glorious example?
Publicity Department, Central London Recruiting Depot, [1915]. Printed by Johnson, Riddle & Co., Ltd., London, S.E.

Extracts from Daily Telegraph Article : Talking Rugby: Timely tribute paid to rugby's fallen heroes By Brendan Gallagher (additional text subsequently added):

Australia: Blair Swannell. Twice a British Lions tourist (1899 & 1904) and capped in all four Tests in 1904, this rugged Northampton forward emigrated to Australia immediately after that tour and was capped by his new country within 12 months on a tour to New Zealand in 1905. He died leading a ferocious charge by Australian forces at Gallipoli in August 1915, he was shot whilst kneeling showing others how to aim better. He was awarded the military cross. It has been estimated that 5,000 Australian rugby players ultimately went on active war service between 1914 and 1918. This figure represents about 98 per cent of the playing numbers in the game, outside of the schools, in 1914. Many of these players never returned to Australia.

Scotland: Dr David Bedell-Sivright. Enjoyed the reputation of being the roughest, toughest forward of his day and the arch exponent of the skill of dribbling. Played for Scotland 22 times during 1900 to 1908. Led the 1904 Lions, worked in Australia for a year as a stock rearer before returning to Edinburgh to complete his medical studies. Contracted Septicemia and Like Swannell, died at Gallipoli, he was buried at sea.

South Africa: Jan (Jackie) Willen Hunter Morkel. One of the famous rugby-playing family from Somerset West in Cape Town - 21 brothers and assorted cousins were playing first-class rugby in South Africa before World War One, including eight who were or subsequently became Springboks. Sir Abe Bailey had undertaken to sponsor a family tour of Britain in 1914 when war broke out. Died of dysentery fighting for the Mounted commandos in German East Africa.

France: Marcel Burgun. An extrovert fly-half who played against England in 1914, during the last international before hostilities began. Joined the French Air Corps to avenge his brother's death on the western front and was shot down and killed in 1916.

RFU Commemorative Plaque - Twickenham England

Other examples of fallen rugby players:

JHD 'Bungy' Watson, England three-quarter capped 3 times in 1914 , drowned in action when HMS Hawke was torpedoed by a German submarine (15/10/1914).

Ronald Poulton Palmer, three-quarter capped 17 times. On his last appearance in 1914 he ran in four tries from centre - a record at that time. Soon afterwards he was across the channel to join the war where he died a year later on 5th May 1915, killed by a sniper bullet in a trench in Ploeg Steert Wood, Belgium. He was just 25.

CM Pritchard, Newport forward, capped 14 times for Wales, killed on a trench raid in 1916.Edgar Mobbs, DSO, English three quarter, refused a commission at start of the war and then raised his own company of 250 sportsmen for the Northamptonshire regiment, rising to command his battalion with rank of Lt. Col. fell in action at Zillebeke (29/7/1917).

Dave Gallaher, Ramelton, Ireland born captain and wing forward (the'rover') of the formidable 1905 All Blacks, killed in action in France (4/10/1917). Regiment: Auckland Regiment, N.Z.E.F. Unit Text: 2nd Bn. Rank: Serjeant.  Service No: 32513. Date of Death: 04/10/1917  Age: 41, Cemetery: Nine Elms British Cemetery Grave/Memorial Reference: III. D. 8.

Emigrated to New Zealand on the SS Lady Jocelyn in 1881 with his family at the age of 5 to Katikati, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, and went on to Captain the first “All Blacks” team to tour Europe in 1905. Gallaher, held in high esteem as one of the first men to popularise the sport of rugby that the country would go on to dominate. He served in the Boer War.  Dave Gallaher died with the New Zealand forces during World War 1, at Passchendale in Belgium. He is buried eight miles from The Island of Ireland Peace Park in Messines, Belgium, which was established by Paddy Harte. His name is now synonymous with rugby matches between New Zealand and France, which contest the Dave Gallaher Trophy. Two of David Gallaher's Katikati born brothers died on Flanders fields - Henry Fletcher Gallaher b. 1 Jan 1881,  killed in action 24 April 1918 and Douglas Wallace Gallaher born 7 August 1883 wounded in action  at Gallipoli Pennisula 4 May 1915 and killed in action Laventie, France  3 June 1916. Was Company Sergeant Major, 11th Bn. 3rd Inf. Brigade, AIF Another brother - the twin of Henry - Charles Canning Gallaher came back from Gallipoli with a bullet (shot in back) lodged near his spine and died in 1950. They enlisted in Western Australia. David was one of 14.

After the war Olympiad VII was awarded to Belgium. It was a tribute to their heroic resistance and suffering under four years of occupation after the German invasion.

A total of 29 countries, one more than participated in the war, sent a record 2,607 athletes to Antwerp in 1920. Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria were excluded from the Games. In 1921 a tablet in memory of the many fallen rugby players lost during the first world war unveiled by H.M. the King, 12th February.

The act of remembrance can take many forms and there is no finer than the Mobbs memorial match held at Northampton each year. Every year since 1921 the Barbarians have played an East Midlands XV at Franklin gardens, the home of the Northampton Saints. The game is held to remember Edgar Mobbs a former Northampton and England player.

Edgar first played for Northampton in 1905 and retired there in 1913 after playing 234 games, scoring 179 tries (545 points).

• He twice scored 6 tries in a match.
• He also won 7 caps for England during that period.
• The last game against France he was made captain, the first Northampton player to be England captain.

He was considered too old to be an officer at 32 so he formed his own battalion called "The sportsman's battalion". He was said to kick a rugby ball ahead when the men had to cover ground quickly whilst in attack. He was killed attacking a machine gun post in 1917.

World War 2 (1939-45)

Internationals killed in action in WW2

Country	Internationals
Germany	16
Scotland	15
England	14
Wales	11
Australia	10
Ireland	8
France	8
Wales	3
New Zealand	2
South Africa	0

Examples:

New Zealand: Donald Cobden. A dashing wing, Cobden represented New Zealand after just seven first-class games. Played for 25 minutes in his solitary Test, against the Springboks in 1937, before being forced off through injury. He joined the RAF as a fighter pilot for 76 squadron and was shot down on Aug 11, 1940, during the Battle of Britain. His body was washed up at Ostend and buried by the Germans in a communal war grave.

England: Vice Admiral Norman Atherton Wodehouse. In 1913 England achieved a grand slam under the captaincy or Norman Wodehouse. Norman won 14 caps for England between 1910 and 1913 and was captain 6 times. Norman served in WWI on board the battleship HMS at the battle of Jutland and survived the war until some of his team mates. In 1941 he was commanding a convoy to South Africa when they were attacked by German U-boats, he ordered the convoy to scatter and his ship was never seen again.

RFU Commemorative Plaque - Twickenham England

The 14 English International players killed in the Second World War were:

• B.H. Black (10+5)
• L.A. Booth (7)
• P. Cooke (2)
• V.G. Davies (2)
• H.D. Freakes (3)
• R.A. Gerrard (14)
• W. G. E. Luddington (13)
• R.M. Marshall (5)
• A. Obolensky (4)
• E.I. Parsons (1)
• H. Rew (10+4)
• C.C. Tanner (5)
• D.E. Teden (3)
• N.A. Wodehouse (14)

(#) denotes number of caps.

The 8 Irish Internationals killed in the Second World War were:

• Commander Charles Francis George Thomas Hallaran (a sterling forward of the twenties, 15 caps) killed 1941. He played rugby for the Royal Navy, the Barbarians and Surrey. On the night of 21st March 1941 a motor-boat came alongside Cdr. Hallaran's ship to take off the pilot. A swell made this boat roll and pitch heavily, and a stoker was thrown overboard between it and the ship's side. He was seen to be in difficulties, and was in danger of being crushed as the swell kept heaving the boat against the ship. Cdr. Hallaran climbed into the boat, jumped into the sea, and swam round to help him. He got the stoker back to the boat, but as he did so was thrown against it. His skull was fractured and he was drowned before he could be got back on board. He was awarded the Albert Medal posthumously.
• Major Edward William Francis De Vere Hunt. Died 1941. He played five times for Ireland between 1930 and 1933. He scored a try in the 1932 match against Scotland and in his last match in 1933 against England. On the 25th December 1938 he was posted to the Hong Kong & Singapore Royal Artillery, with whom he served as a Major. He was killed at Wong Nei Chang Gap on 20th December 1941 during the Japanese attack on the island.
• Lieutenant Colonel John Joseph Clune died 1942. He played six times for Ireland between 1912 and 1914. He died on 12th September 1943 aged 53 in the Mediterranean . He is commemorated at Brookwood Memorial.
• Lieutenant Colonel John Berchmans Minch (capped 5 times in 1913/4) died 1942. He played five times for Ireland between 1912 and 1914.
• Group Captain Reginald Vere Massey Odbert died 1943. He played once for Ireland in 1928 against France in Belfast. He died on 18th July 1943 in Scunthorpe and is buried at Newark-upon-Trent Cemetery , Nottinghamshire.
• Captain Robert Alexander killed 1943. Played for Ireland 11 times. Played for the Barbarians 1935/6. Outstanding member of Ireland's pack who toured with the 1938 Lions in South Africa. An Ireland cricketer to boot, his last game for Ireland was in 1942 when he captained Ireland in a friendly against the British Army, it was to be his last game. Alexander was killed during the Allied landings on Sicily serving for the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, he had risen to the rank of captain.
• Patrick Bernard Coote. On 1st April 1933 he won his only international cap for Ireland v Scotland (Ireland lost 8-6). Between1931-33 he played 27 times for Leicester. He is the second Leicester player to be capped by Ireland . On 19th April 1941 he went as an observer to assess the progress of the German advance in a group of 6 Blenheims. As they approached Lake Prespa on the border of modern day Macedonia , Albania and Greece some 40 miles short of the target area. They were spotted by three Messerschmitt Bf108e’s of 6/JG27 based at Gazala in Libya . The Blenheims didn’t have a fighter escort, in the space of 4 minutes all 6 Blenheims were shot down.

There is also an eighth Irish international who is listed as a Canadian war dead:

• Major Herbert James Michael Sayers (In the 1939 side) killed 1943. He played ten times for Ireland between 1935 and 1939. He was killed in an air crash on 6th December 1943. He is buried at Aylesbury Cemetery, Buckinghamshire.

The 3 Welsh Internationals killed in the Second World War were:

• Cecil Davies
• John evans - A former Newport captain and lock who won his only cap playing at hooker against England in 1934, when he also captained the side. Was killed in action in North Africa on March 8, 1943, when serving with the Parachute Regiment's third battalion.
• Maurice Turnball

References:

1. Talking Rugby: Timely tribute paid to rugby's fallen heroes, By Brendan Gallagher
Published: 12:00AM GMT 05 Nov 2002
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/4778091/Talking-Rugby-Timely-tribute-paid-to-rugbys-fallen-heroes.html

2. Commonwealth War Graves Commission - Rugby's war dead (booklet)

3. Commonwealth War Graves Commission - GONE BUT NOT FORGOTTEN, The Commemoration of Rugby Players Who Died in the Two World Wars (booklet)

4. 'Play up! Play up! And Win the War!' Football, the Nation and the First World
War 1914-15, Colin Veitch, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 20, No. 3. (Jul., 1985), pp. 363-378.

5. One hundred years of Irish Rugby, Edmund Van Esbeck, Gill and Mcmillan 1974, 717107159

6. http://therugbyhistorysociety.co.uk/irishww2.html Article by Patrick Casey. Retrieved May 31st, 2011.